Double pendulum: divergence from nearby initial states
Compare nearby double-pendulum states and understand chaos, integration and trajectory error.
Compare nearby double-pendulum states and understand chaos, integration and trajectory error.
Compare circular and elliptical motion in a central gravity model and interpret the velocity arrow and orbital readouts.
Convergence tests for improper integrals and practical midpoint, trapezoid, and Simpson approximation rules.
Compare Euler, RK4, implicit and symplectic integration with runnable decay and oscillator examples, and check step size, error and long-term energy behavior.